Philosophy-Contemporary Ethical Theory2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Philosophy-Contemporary Ethical Theory2 - Essay Example In other words, ethical relativism implies that our moral values are not absolute as they keep on changing over time. This, to some extent, brings in a sort of moral chaos due to the disintegration of a uniform culture. Critics of ethical relativism often argue that ethics is subject to rational scrutiny and hence, moral values can be either correct or incorrect. But relativism is also very much attached to ethical values. Perhaps, what is best for us is to embrace both relativism and rationality while reasoning about the moral values of ethics. The theory of ethical relativism holds that our moral values have evolved and changed over time, and that we can reason about our moral values and others’ as well as universal moral principles. While explaining the conceptualization of ethical relativism, philosophers tend to differ on describing the terms of ‘ethics’ and ‘morals’. Ethics is more about questioning the Self â€Å"What should I do?†, in other words, it is about how to live a ‘good’ life, what is the ‘meaning’ of life, what is ‘good’ for us. Morals, as Toulminian philosophy supports, is somewhat concerned about social rules and norms, the societal authoritarian notes telling us what to do or not do. Moral values are the responsibilities imposed on us by the society. These are the duties every individual ‘ought’ to do as members of the society. Moral rules are based on public appraisals of behavior that direct people to engage in or refrain from certain kinds of self-regarding behavior or action. You may get praises or face criticism for such behavior according to the acceptance or denial of your social norms. In short, ethics is more of individual interests whereas morals is for everyone, as members of society. But these rules or moral values are not absolute prescriptions to be followed steadfastly. Instead, these are rules of thumb that are sensitive to particular situations (Lafollette 146).

UK Micro Environment Factors for a Tobacco Company Essay

UK Micro Environment Factors for a Tobacco Company - Essay Example [2] These variables affect the business and its operations to the core and a proper understanding of these is a necessary step to expand the product in a particular market. According to porter, there are 5 forces that act on a business in the Micro Environment. These five variables along with others variables proposed by different authors can be broken down as. [5] Cigarette is an additive product and that is a favorable point for the company as far its sales are concerned. Buyers are hooked to the brand of cigarette usually from the start so there is little bargaining that the customers can do. The buyers are also brand conscious and they don not change their brands rapidly and specially in UK. Even if the prices of the cigarette increases, the customers will continue to buy it because of its addictive nature. Retailers get a nominal amount on retailing the cigarette however they are in much demand so they keep it. Also the retailers usually get branded settings and are paid extra to keep shelf space for a brand. As substitutes for the products exist, retailers have a bit of power over the companies There are high barriers to entry. ... People trying to leave this habit usually revert to nicotine gum, counseling, or behavior modification. In extreme cases acupuncture needles are stuck in the bodies or the nicotine-averse images implanted in their minds however these are not that successful. Competitive Rivalry Among the four top brands of cigarettes in UK, Imperial Tobacco Group is the market leader. However, this has created intense rivalry amongst all the competitors. This is not a good sign for the company since this much competition can make it harder for the rest to come to the standard of these leading companies. Stakeholders The stakeholders such as the government, the media and the society play a major role in the business. Since smoking is considered a social evil, the society usually shuns the smokers. Laws, and deals such as the 'tobacco resolution' are the results of the anti-smoking society. The increase in taxes makes it harder for the company to sell their products. The UK tobacco sector is one of the most heavily taxed in the world, and UK cigarette prices are the highest in the EU, with taxes accounting for around 84.5 percent of the retail cost of a typical packet of cigarettes. [3] [4] Conclusion - Changes to the Company's Strategy and its Impact Micro environmental factors play as much a vital role in a business as other macro does. Maybe these are even more important since these factors are hard to investigate as they work on a hidden level. From the information gathered, it has been found out that a few dramatic changes to the company's strategy must be brought. First the company must be perceived as a "green company". Since awareness of the harms of cigarette smoking is increasing, the company must promote itself as a